Cod sursa(job #3333549)

Utilizator MagicantPlusIuoras Andrei MagicantPlus Data 13 ianuarie 2026 22:02:03
Problema Lowest Common Ancestor Scor 100
Compilator cpp-64 Status done
Runda Arhiva educationala Marime 5.73 kb
#define programstate2
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned ll
#define vec vector
#define flist forward_list
#define um unordered_map
#define us unordered_set
#define prioq priority_queue
#define all(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define pb push_back
#define pf push_front
#define fi first
#define se second
#define ld long double
#define cd complex<ld>
#define pll pair<ll, ll>
#define tll tuple<ll, ll, ll>
#define ass assign
#define fun function

#define LL_MAX LLONG_MAX
#define LL_MIN LLONG_MIN
#define ULL_MAX ULLONG_MAX
#define LD_MAX LDBL_MAX
#define LD_MIN LDBL_MIN

#define nl " \n"

#define vv(type, name, n, ...) vector<vector<type>> name(n, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__))
#define vvv(type, name, n, m, ...) \
	vector<vector<vector<type>>> name(n, vector<vector<type>>(m, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__)))

// https://trap.jp/post/1224/
#define rep1(n) for(ll i=0; i<(ll)(n); ++i)
#define rep2(i,n) for(ll i=0; i<(ll)(n); ++i)
#define rep3(i,a,b) for(ll i=(ll)(a); i<(ll)(b); ++i)
#define rep4(i,a,b,c) for(ll i=(ll)(a); i<(ll)(b); i+=(ll)(c))
#define cut4(a,b,c,d,e,...) e
#define rep(...) cut4(__VA_ARGS__,rep4,rep3,rep2,rep1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rep1e(n) for(ll i=1; i<=(ll)(n); ++i)
#define rep2e(i,n) for(ll i=1; i<=(ll)(n); ++i)
#define rep3e(i,a,b) for(ll i=(ll)(a); i<=(ll)(b); ++i)
#define rep4e(i,a,b,c) for(ll i=(ll)(a); i<=(ll)(b); i+=(ll)(c))
#define repe(...) cut4(__VA_ARGS__,rep4e,rep3e,rep2e,rep1e)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define per1(n) for(ll i=(ll)(n)-1; i>=0; --i)
#define per2(i,n) for(ll i=(ll)(n)-1; i>=0; --i)
#define per3(i,a,b) for(ll i=(ll)(a)-1; i>=(ll)(b); --i)
#define per4(i,a,b,c) for(ll i=(ll)(a)-1; i>=(ll)(b); i-=(ll)(c))
#define per(...) cut4(__VA_ARGS__,per4,per3,per2,per1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define per1e(n) for(ll i=(ll)(n); i>=1; --i)
#define per2e(i,n) for(ll i=(ll)(n); i>=1; --i)
#define per3e(i,a,b) for(ll i=(ll)(a); i>=(ll)(b); --i)
#define per4e(i,a,b,c) for(ll i=(ll)(a); i>=(ll)(b); i-=(ll)(c))
#define pere(...) cut4(__VA_ARGS__,per4e,per3e,per2e,per1e)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rep_subset(i,s) for(ll i=0;i!=-1;i=i==(s)?-1:(i|~(s))+1&(s))
#define per_subset(i,s) for(ll i=(s);i!=-1;i=i==0?-1:i-1&(s))

template<class T, class S> bool mkmin(T& a, const initializer_list<S>& b)
{S m = *min_element(all(b)); if(m<a){a=m;return 1;}return 0;}
template<class T, class S> bool mkmax(T& a, const initializer_list<S>& b)
{S m = *max_element(all(b)); if(m>a){a=m;return 1;}return 0;}
template<class T, class S> bool mkmin(T& a, const S& b){if(b<a){a=b;return 1;}return 0;}
template<class T, class S> bool mkmax(T& a, const S& b){if(b>a){a=b;return 1;}return 0;}

#ifdef programstate0
#endif

#ifdef programstate1
ifstream fin("./special/input.txt");
ofstream ferr("./special/messages.txt");
#define cerr ferr
#define cin fin
#define bug(...) cerr << "#" << __LINE__ << ' ' << #__VA_ARGS__ << "- ", _do(__VA_ARGS__)
template<typename T> void _do(vector<vector<T>> x){cerr << "\n"; for(auto i: x) {for(auto j : i) {cerr << j << ' ';} cerr << "\n";}}
template<typename T> void _do(vector<T> x){for(auto i: x) cerr << i << ' ';cerr << "\n";}
template<typename T> void _do(set<T> x){for(auto i: x) cerr << i << ' ';cerr << "\n";}
template<typename T> void _do(unordered_set<T> x){for(auto i: x) cerr << i << ' ';cerr << "\n";}
template<typename T> void _do(T && x) {cerr << x << endl;}
template<typename T, typename ...S> void _do(T && x, S&&...y) {cerr << x << ", "; _do(y...);}
#else
#define bug(...) 777771449
#endif

const ll MOD = 1e9 + 7;
const ll INF = (1ll << 59);

#ifdef programstate2
const string FILENAME = "lca";
ifstream fin(FILENAME + ".in");
ofstream fout(FILENAME + ".out");
#define cin fin
#define cout fout
#endif

ll nnt() {ll x; cin >> x; return x;}
string nst() {string x; cin >> x; return x;}
char nct() {char x; cin >> x; return x;}

class Dst
{
public:

	ll n, maxlevel;
	vec<vec<ll>> dst;
	vec<ll> *elem;

	ll minInd(ll i, ll j)
	{
		if(elem->at(i) < elem->at(j)) return i;
		return j;
	}
	void build(vec<ll>& v)
	{
		elem = &v;
		n = v.size();
		maxlevel = 31 - __builtin_clz(n);
		if((1ll<<maxlevel) < n) maxlevel++;
		dst.ass(maxlevel+1, vec<ll>(n));

		fun<void(ll,ll,ll)>build_([&](ll level, ll l, ll r)
		{
			ll mid = (l+r)/2;
			if(l >= n) return;

			ll ls = min(mid,n-1);
			dst[level][ls] = ls;
			per(i, ls, l) dst[level][i] = minInd(i, dst[level][i+1]);

			if(mid+1 < n)
			{
				dst[level][mid+1] = mid+1;
				repe(i, mid+2, min(n-1, r)) dst[level][i] = minInd(dst[level][i-1], i);
			}

			if(level > 0)
			{
				build_(level-1, l, mid);
				build_(level-1, mid+1, r);
			}
		});
		build_(maxlevel, 0, (1ll<<maxlevel)-1);
	}
	ll query(ll x, ll y)
	{
		if(x == y) return x;
		ll level = 32 - __builtin_clz(x^y);
		return minInd(dst[level][x], dst[level][y]);
	}
};

class Lca
{
public:

	vec<ll> etour, nodePos, appear;
	Dst dst;

	void build(vec<vec<ll>>& adj)
	{
		ll n = adj.size();
		etour.reserve(2*n);
		nodePos.reserve(2*n);
		appear.resize(n);

		fun<void(ll,ll,ll)> dfs([&](ll o, ll p, ll dep)
		{
			etour.pb(dep);
			nodePos.pb(o);
			appear[o] = etour.size()-1;
			
			for(auto& u : adj[o]) if(u != p)
			{
				dfs(u, o, dep+1);
				etour.pb(dep);
				nodePos.pb(o);
				appear[o] = etour.size()-1;
			}
		});
		dfs(0,-1,0);

		dst.build(etour);
	}
	ll query(ll a, ll b)
	{
		if(appear[a] > appear[b]) swap(a, b);
		return nodePos[dst.query(appear[a], appear[b])];
	}
};

int main()
{
	ll n, q;
	cin >> n >> q;

	vec<vec<ll>> adj(n);

	rep(i, 1, n)
	{
		ll p;
		cin >> p;
		p--;
		adj[p].pb(i);
	}

	Lca lca;
	lca.build(adj);

	rep(q)
	{
		ll l, r;
		cin >> l >> r;
		l--, r--;
		cout << lca.query(l, r)+1 << nl;
	}

	return 0;
}