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#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Task {
public:
void solve() {
read_input();
print_output(get_result());
}
private:
// numarul maxim de noduri
static constexpr int NMAX = (int)1e5 + 5; // 10^5 + 5 = 100.005
// n = numar de noduri, m = numar de muchii/arce
int n, m;
// adj[node] = lista de adiacenta a nodului node
// exemplu: daca adj[node] = {..., neigh, ...} => exista arcul (node, neigh)
vector<int> adj[NMAX];
void read_input() {
ifstream fin("ctc.in");
fin >> n >> m;
for (int i = 1, x, y; i <= m; i++) {
fin >> x >> y;
adj[x].push_back(y); // arc (x, y)
}
fin.close();
}
bool stack_contains(stack<int> st, int node) {
while (!st.empty()) {
if (st.top() == node) {
return true;
}
st.pop();
}
return false;
}
void tarjan_scc_dfs(int node, vector<int>& parent, int& timestamp, vector<int>& found, vector<int>& low_link,
stack<int>& stack, vector<vector<int>>& all_sccs, vector<bool>& in_stack) {
// new node visited
found[node] = timestamp++;
low_link[node] = found[node];
stack.push(node);
in_stack[node] = true;
// visit neighbours
for (auto neigh : adj[node]) {
if (parent[neigh] != -1) { // already visited
if (in_stack[neigh] == true) {
low_link[node] = min(low_link[node], found[neigh]);
}
continue;
}
// not visited
parent[neigh] = node;
tarjan_scc_dfs(neigh, parent, timestamp, found, low_link, stack, all_sccs, in_stack);
low_link[node] = min(low_link[node], low_link[neigh]);
}
// beginning of a SCC
if (found[node] == low_link[node]) {
vector<int> scc;
// SCC from top of stack to current node
while (stack.top() != node) {
scc.push_back(stack.top());
stack.pop();
}
scc.push_back(node);
stack.pop();
in_stack[node] = false;
all_sccs.push_back(scc);
}
}
void tarjan_scc(vector<vector<int>>& all_sccs) {
vector<int> parent(n + 1, -1);
vector<int> found(n + 1, INT_MAX);
vector<int> low_link(n + 1, INT_MAX);
vector<bool> in_stack(n + 1, false);
stack<int> s;
int timestamp = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (parent[i] == -1) {
parent[i] = i;
tarjan_scc_dfs(i, parent, timestamp, found, low_link, s, all_sccs, in_stack);
}
}
}
vector<vector<int>> get_result() {
//
// TODO: Găsiți componentele tare conexe (CTC / SCC) ale grafului orientat cu n noduri, stocat în adj.
//
// Rezultatul se va returna sub forma unui vector, fiecare element fiind un SCC (adică tot un vector).
// * nodurile dintr-un SCC pot fi găsite în orice ordine
// * SCC-urile din graf pot fi găsite în orice ordine
//
// Indicație: Folosiți algoritmul lui Tarjan pentru SCC.
//
vector<vector<int>> all_sccs;
tarjan_scc(all_sccs);
return all_sccs;
}
void print_output(const vector<vector<int>>& all_sccs) {
ofstream fout("ctc.out");
fout << all_sccs.size() << '\n';
for (const auto& scc : all_sccs) {
for (auto node : scc) {
fout << node << ' ';
}
fout << '\n';
}
fout.close();
}
};
// [ATENTIE] NU modifica functia main!
int main() {
// * se aloca un obiect Task pe heap
// (se presupune ca e prea mare pentru a fi alocat pe stiva)
// * se apeleaza metoda solve()
// (citire, rezolvare, printare)
// * se distruge obiectul si se elibereaza memoria
auto* task = new (nothrow) Task(); // hint: cppreference/nothrow
if (!task) {
cerr << "new failed: WTF are you doing? Throw your PC!\n";
return -1;
}
task->solve();
delete task;
return 0;
}