#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define nr 100002
class Graf
{
private:
Graf()
{
this->nr_varfuri = 0;
this->nr_arce = 0;
}
~Graf() {}
int nr_varfuri;
int nr_arce;
static Graf* graf;
// Support functions
void DF(const int i,const vector<int> arce[],bool vizitat[])
{
vizitat[i] = true;
int size_arce = arce[i].size();
for (int j=0;j<size_arce;j++)
{
int nod_vec = arce[i][j];
if (!vizitat[nod_vec])
DF(nod_vec,arce,vizitat);
}
}
void DF2(const int n,const int fn,const int number,vector<int> arce[],int dfn[],int low[],stack<pair<int,int>> &Stiva,vector <vector <int>> &Comp)
{
dfn[n] = low[n] = number;
int size_vec = arce[n].size();
for (int i=0;i<size_vec;i++)
{
int vec_crt = arce[n][i];
if (vec_crt == fn) continue; // Doresc sa ma duc doar in fii lui n, nu inapoi in tatal sau
if (dfn[vec_crt] == -1)
{
Stiva.push(make_pair(n,vec_crt)); // Pun muchia pe stiva
DF2(vec_crt,n,number+1,arce,dfn,low,Stiva,Comp); // Parcurg mai departe in adancime
low[n] = min(low[n],low[vec_crt]);
if (low[vec_crt] >= dfn[n])
Add_Comp(n,vec_crt,Stiva,Comp); // Am gasit un nod de articulatie => Introducem componenta biconexa si
// scoatem de pe stiva muchiile care fac parte din ea
}
else low[n] = min(low[n],dfn[vec_crt]);
}
}
void Add_Comp(const int x,const int y,stack<pair<int,int>> &Stiva,vector <vector <int>> &Comp)
{
vector<int> Comp_bcnx;
int nx,ny;
do
{
nx = Stiva.top().first;
ny = Stiva.top().second;
Stiva.pop();
Comp_bcnx.push_back(nx);
Comp_bcnx.push_back(ny);
}while(nx != x || ny != y); // Scoatem inclusiv muchia X Y
Comp.push_back(Comp_bcnx);
}
void Vizita(const int n,bool vizitat[],const vector <int> arce[],stack <int> &L) // DFS-ul grafului ( Vizitat false -> true )
{
if (!vizitat[n])
{
vizitat[n] = true;
int size_n = arce[n].size();
for (int i=0;i<size_n;i++)
{
Vizita(arce[n][i],vizitat,arce,L);
}
L.push(n);
}
}
void Asignare(const int n,stack <int> &L,bool vizitat[],const vector <int> arce_transpuse[],int &nr_comp,vector<int> Comp[]) // DFS-ul grafului transpus ( Vizitat true -> false )
{
vizitat[n] = false;
Comp[nr_comp].push_back(n);
int size_n = arce_transpuse[n].size();
for (int i=0;i<size_n;i++)
{
int nod_vcn = arce_transpuse[n][i];
if (vizitat[nod_vcn])
{
Asignare(nod_vcn,L,vizitat,arce_transpuse,nr_comp,Comp);
}
}
}
void DF3(const int n,bool vizitat[],int dfn[],int low[],const vector <int> arce[],vector<pair<int,int>> &muchii_critice)
{
vizitat[n] = 1;
low[n] = dfn[n];
int size_n = arce[n].size();
for (int i=0;i<size_n;i++)
{
int nr_vcn = arce[n][i];
if (!vizitat[nr_vcn])
{
dfn[nr_vcn] = dfn[n] + 1;
DF3(nr_vcn,vizitat,dfn,low,arce,muchii_critice);
low[n] = min(low[n],low[nr_vcn]);
if (low[nr_vcn] > dfn[n]) // Muchie critica
{
muchii_critice.push_back(make_pair(n,nr_vcn));
}
}
else if (dfn[nr_vcn] < dfn[n] - 1)
{
low[n] = min(low[n],dfn[nr_vcn]);
}
}
}
void Update_Cost(const int n,const vector <pair<int,int>> muchii[],int costuri[],int tati[])
{
int n_size = muchii[n].size();
for (int i=0;i<n_size;i++)
{
int vecin = muchii[n][i].first;
int cost = muchii[n][i].second;
if (costuri[vecin] >= cost)
{
costuri[vecin] = cost;
tati[vecin] = n;
}
}
}
void Shift_Up(int n,int heap[],const int costuri[],int poz_in_heap[])
{
while (n/2 && costuri[heap[n]] < costuri[heap[n/2]])
{
swap(heap[n],heap[n/2]);
swap(poz_in_heap[heap[n]],poz_in_heap[heap[n/2]]);
n/=2;
}
}
void Shift_Down(int n,int heap[],const int costuri[],int poz_in_heap[],const int heap_lenght)
{
while ((n*2 <= heap_lenght && costuri[heap[n]] > costuri[heap[n*2]])||(n*2+1 <= heap_lenght && costuri[heap[n]] > costuri[heap[n*2+1]]))
{
if (costuri[heap[n*2]] < costuri[heap[n*2+1]] || n*2+1 > heap_lenght)
{
swap(heap[n],heap[n*2]);
swap(poz_in_heap[heap[n]],poz_in_heap[heap[n*2]]);
n*=2;
}
else
{
swap(heap[n],heap[n*2+1]);
swap(poz_in_heap[heap[n]],poz_in_heap[heap[n*2+1]]);
n = n*2+1;
}
}
}
public:
static Graf *GetGraf();
// BFS
void BFS()
{
int sursa;
int distanta[nr];
ifstream fin("bfs.in");
ofstream fout("bfs.out");
fin>>this->nr_varfuri>>this->nr_arce>>sursa;
bool vizitat[nr_varfuri+2];
for (int i=0;i<=this->nr_varfuri;i++)
{
vizitat[i] = false;
}
for (int i=0;i<this->nr_varfuri;i++)
{
distanta[i] = -1;
}
int a,b;
vector <int> arce[nr_varfuri+1];
for (int i=0;i<this->nr_arce;i++)
{
fin>>a>>b;
arce[a].push_back(b);
}
queue<int> coada;
coada.push(sursa);
vizitat[sursa] = true;
distanta[sursa] = 0;
while (!coada.empty())
{
int nod_crt = coada.front();
coada.pop();
int size_arce = arce[nod_crt].size();
for (int i=0;i<size_arce;i++)
{
int nod_vec = arce[nod_crt][i];
if (!vizitat[nod_vec])
{
coada.push(nod_vec);
vizitat[nod_vec] = true;
distanta[nod_vec] = distanta[nod_crt] + 1;
}
}
}
for (int i=1;i<=this->nr_varfuri;i++)
fout<<distanta[i]<<' ';
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
// DFS
void DFS()
{
int nr_comp_conexe = 0;
ifstream fin("dfs.in");
ofstream fout("dfs.out");
fin>>this->nr_varfuri>>this->nr_arce;
bool vizitat[nr_varfuri+2];
for (int i=0;i<=this->nr_varfuri;i++)
{
vizitat[i] = false;
}
int a,b;
vector <int> arce[nr_varfuri+1];
for (int i=0;i<this->nr_arce;i++)
{
fin>>a>>b;
arce[a].push_back(b);
arce[b].push_back(a);
}
for (int i=1;i<=this->nr_varfuri;i++)
{
if (!vizitat[i])
{
nr_comp_conexe++;
DF(i,arce,vizitat);
}
}
fout<<nr_comp_conexe;
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
// Biconex
void Biconex()
{
vector <vector <int>> Comp; // Variabila in care stochez componentele biconexe
stack <pair <int,int>> Stiva;
ifstream fin("biconex.in");
ofstream fout("biconex.out");
fin>>this->nr_varfuri>>this->nr_arce;
int a,b;
vector <int> arce[nr_varfuri+1];
int dfn[nr_varfuri+1],low[nr_varfuri+1];
for (int i=1;i<=nr_varfuri;i++)
{
dfn[i] = -1; // Nivel
low[i] = -1; // Nivel minim
}
for (int i=0;i<this->nr_arce;i++)
{
fin>>a>>b;
arce[a].push_back(b); // Graf neorientat
arce[b].push_back(a);
}
DF2(1,0,0,arce,dfn,low,Stiva,Comp);
int size_comp = Comp.size();
fout<<size_comp<<"\n";
for (int i=0;i<size_comp;i++)
{
sort(Comp[i].begin(),Comp[i].end()); // Sort + Erase sunt utilizate fiindca la punerea in Comp, au fost puse
Comp[i].erase(unique(Comp[i].begin(),Comp[i].end()), Comp[i].end()); // extremitatiile muchiilor utilizate,astfel creeandu-se duplicate
int size_comp_i = Comp[i].size();
for (int j=0;j<size_comp_i;j++)
fout<<Comp[i][j]<<' ';
fout<<"\n";
}
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
// Comp Tare Conexe
void TareConexe()
{
ifstream fin("ctc.in");
ofstream fout("ctc.out");
fin>>this->nr_varfuri>>this->nr_arce;
bool vizitat[nr_varfuri+2];
vector <int> Comp[nr_varfuri+2];
stack <int> L; // Stochez nodurile in ordinea in care au fost parcurse in DFS-ul original
int nr_comp = 0; // Nr. comp tari conexe
for (int i=0;i<=nr_varfuri;i++)
{
vizitat[i] = false;
}
vector <int> arce[nr_varfuri+1];
vector <int> arce_transpuse[nr_varfuri+1];
int a,b;
for (int i=0;i<this->nr_arce;i++)
{
fin>>a>>b;
arce[a].push_back(b);
arce_transpuse[b].push_back(a);
}
for (int i=1;i<=nr_varfuri;i++)
{
Vizita(i,vizitat,arce,L);
}
while (!L.empty()) // Iau nodurile in ordinea parcurgerii DFS
{
int nr_crt = L.top();
if (vizitat[nr_crt])
{
nr_comp++;
Asignare(nr_crt,L,vizitat,arce_transpuse,nr_comp,Comp); // Colorezi toti vecinii sai la fel
}
L.pop();
}
fout<<nr_comp<<"\n";
for (int i=1;i<=nr_comp;i++)
{
sort(Comp[i].begin(),Comp[i].end()); // Fara sortare obtin 90 de puncte
int size_comp = Comp[i].size();
for (int j=0;j<size_comp;j++)
fout<<Comp[i][j]<<' ';
fout<<"\n";
}
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
// Havel - Hakimi
void Hakimi()
{
ifstream fin("hakimi.in");
ofstream fout("hakimi.out");
fin>>nr_varfuri;
vector <int> scv_grade;
int sum = 0;
bool ver = true;
int grad_crt;
for (int i=0;i<nr_varfuri;i++)
{
fin>>grad_crt;
scv_grade.push_back(grad_crt);
if (ver == true && grad_crt > nr_varfuri -1 ) // Conditii necesare dar nu suficiente
{
fout<<"Nu";
ver = false;
}
sum += grad_crt;
}
if (ver == true && sum % 2)
{
fout<<"Nu";
ver = false;
}
if (ver == true)
{
int k = 0;
while (k == 0)
{
sort(scv_grade.begin(),scv_grade.end(),greater<int>());
k = 1;
if (scv_grade[0] != 0)
{
k = 0;
for (int i=1;i<=scv_grade[0];i++)
{
scv_grade[i]--;
}
scv_grade[0] = 0;
}
}
for (int i=0;i<nr_varfuri;i++)
{
cout<<scv_grade[i]<<' ';
}
for (int i=0;i<nr_varfuri && ver == true;i++)
{
if (scv_grade[i] < 0)
{
fout<<"Nu";
ver = false;
}
}
if (ver == true)
{
fout<<"Da";
}
}
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
// Pct Critice
void PctCritice()
{
ifstream fin("pctcritice.in");
ofstream fout("pctcritice.out");
fin>>this->nr_varfuri>>this->nr_arce;
bool vizitat[nr_varfuri+2];
for (int i=0;i<=this->nr_varfuri;i++)
{
vizitat[i] = false;
}
int a,b;
vector <int> arce[nr_varfuri+2];
vector <pair<int,int>> muchii_critice;
for (int i=0;i<this->nr_arce;i++)
{
fin>>a>>b;
arce[a].push_back(b);
arce[b].push_back(a);
}
int dfn[nr_varfuri+1],low[nr_varfuri+1];
for (int i=1;i<=nr_varfuri;i++)
{
dfn[i] = -1;
low[i] = -1;
}
dfn[1] = low[1] = 0;
DF3(1,vizitat,dfn,low,arce,muchii_critice);
int size_v = muchii_critice.size();
for (int i=0;i<size_v;i++)
{
fout<<muchii_critice[i].first<<' '<<muchii_critice[i].second<<"\n";
}
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
// Sortare topologica
void SrtTop()
{
ifstream fin("sortaret.in");
ofstream fout("sortaret.out");
fin>>nr_varfuri>>nr_arce;
int a,b;
vector <int> arce[nr_varfuri+2];
int gradi[nr_varfuri+2]; // Grad intern
for (int i=1;i<=nr_varfuri;i++)
{
gradi[i] = 0;
}
for (int i=0;i<nr_arce;i++)
{
fin>>a>>b;
gradi[b]++;
arce[a].push_back(b);
}
queue <int> Coada;
for (int i=1;i<=nr_varfuri;i++)
{
if (gradi[i] == 0)
{
Coada.push(i);
gradi[i] = -1;
}
}
while (!Coada.empty())
{
int nr_crt = Coada.front();
fout<<nr_crt<<' ';
int size_nr = arce[nr_crt].size();
for (int i=0;i<size_nr;i++)
{
int vcn_crt = arce[nr_crt][i];
gradi[vcn_crt]--;
if (gradi[vcn_crt] == 0)
Coada.push(vcn_crt);
}
Coada.pop();
}
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
// APM - Prim
void Prim()
{
ifstream fin("apm.in");
ofstream fout("apm.out");
fin>>this->nr_varfuri>>this->nr_arce;
vector <pair<int,int>> muchii[nr_varfuri+2];
vector <pair<int,int>> muchii_util;
int heap[nr_varfuri+2];
int poz_in_heap[nr_varfuri+2];
int heap_lenght = 0;
int costuri[nr_varfuri+2];
int tati[nr_varfuri+2];
int cost_total = 0;
for (int i=1;i<=nr_varfuri;i++)
{
costuri[i] = 1001;
tati[i] = -1;
}
int a,b,c;
for (int i=0;i<this->nr_arce;i++)
{
fin>>a>>b>>c;
muchii[a].push_back(make_pair(b,c));
muchii[b].push_back(make_pair(a,c));
}
costuri[1] = 0;
Update_Cost(1,muchii,costuri,tati);
for (int i=2;i<=nr_varfuri;i++) // Am ales 1 ca sursa
{
heap_lenght++;
heap[heap_lenght] = i;
poz_in_heap[i] = heap_lenght;
Shift_Up(heap_lenght,heap,costuri,poz_in_heap);
}
for (int i=2;i<=nr_varfuri;i++)
{
int rad_crt = heap[1];
swap(heap[1],heap[heap_lenght]);
swap(poz_in_heap[heap[1]],poz_in_heap[heap[heap_lenght]]);
heap_lenght--;
Shift_Down(1,heap,costuri,poz_in_heap,heap_lenght);
poz_in_heap[rad_crt] = -1;
Update_Cost(rad_crt,muchii,costuri,tati);
cost_total+=costuri[rad_crt];
muchii_util.push_back(make_pair(rad_crt,tati[rad_crt]));
int rad_crt_vec = muchii[rad_crt].size();
for (int j=0;j<rad_crt_vec;j++)
{
int vec_crt = muchii[rad_crt][j].first;
if (poz_in_heap[vec_crt] != -1)
Shift_Up(poz_in_heap[vec_crt],heap,costuri,poz_in_heap);
}
}
int nr_muchii_util = muchii_util.size();
fout<<cost_total<<"\n"<<nr_muchii_util<<"\n";
for (int i=0;i<nr_muchii_util;i++)
{
fout<<muchii_util[i].first<<" "<<muchii_util[i].second<<"\n";
}
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
};
Graf *Graf::graf = nullptr;
Graf *Graf::GetGraf()
{
if (graf == nullptr)
graf = new Graf();
return graf;
}
int main()
{
Graf::GetGraf()->Prim();
return 0;
}