#include <fstream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

ifstream cin("huffman.in");
ofstream cout("huffman.out");

const int NMAX = 1e6;

int N, K;
int nodeWei[NMAX + 2];

long long wei[2 * NMAX + 2];
queue < int > q[3];

int lenChar[NMAX + 2];
long long valChar[NMAX + 2];

vector < pair <int, bool> > g[2 * NMAX + 10];

void dfs(int node, int h, long long valTo)
{
    if(node <= N)
    {
        lenChar[node] = h;
        valChar[node] = valTo;
        return;
    }

    for(auto it : g[node])
        dfs(it.first, h + 1, (valTo << 1) + it.second);
}

int GetMin()
{
    if(q[1].empty())
    {
        int ind = q[2].front();
        q[2].pop();
        return ind;
    }

    if(q[2].empty())
    {
        int ind = q[1].front();
        q[1].pop();
        return ind;
    }

    if(wei[q[1].front()] < wei[q[2].front()])
    {
        int ind = q[1].front();
        q[1].pop();
        return ind;
    }

    int ind = q[2].front();
    q[2].pop();
    return ind;
}

int main()
{
    cin >> N;
    K = N;

    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
    {
        cin >> nodeWei[i];
        wei[i] = nodeWei[i];
        q[1].push(i);
    }

    if(N == 1)
    {
        cout << nodeWei[1] << "\n1 0\n";
        return 0;
    }

    while(q[1].size() + q[2].size() > 1)
    {
        int f = GetMin();
        int s = GetMin();

        K++;
        g[K].push_back({f, 0});
        g[K].push_back({s, 1});

        long long sumWei = wei[f] + wei[s];
        wei[K] = sumWei;
        q[2].push(K);
    }

    dfs(K, 0, 0);

    long long totalSz = 0;
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        totalSz = totalSz + 1LL * nodeWei[i] * lenChar[i];

    cout << totalSz << '\n';
    for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        cout << lenChar[i] << ' ' << valChar[i] << '\n';

    return 0;
}