#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <fstream>

using std::pair;
using std::make_pair;

using std::queue;
using std::vector;

std::ifstream fin("huffman.in");
std::ofstream fout("huffman.out");

void dfs(int node, int len, int64_t code, vector<pair<int, int>> tree) {
    if (!tree[node].first) {
        fout << len << ' ' << code << '\n';
        return;
    }
    dfs(tree[node].first, len + 1, code * 2, tree);
    dfs(tree[node].second, len + 1, code * 2 + 1, tree);
}

int main() {
    int n; fin >> n;
    queue<pair<int64_t, int>> q[2];

    int node = 0;
    vector<int64_t> cost(2 * n);
    vector<pair<int, int>> tree(2 * n);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int x; fin >> x;
        q[0].emplace(x, ++node);
    }

    int64_t sol = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        int64_t val = 0;
        int edges[2] = {};

        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
            int64_t vMin = 1e18; int qMin = -1;
            if (!q[0].empty() && q[0].front().first < vMin) vMin = q[qMin = 0].front().first;
            if (!q[1].empty() && q[1].front().first < vMin) vMin = q[qMin = 1].front().first;

            val += vMin;
            edges[j] = q[qMin].front().second;
            q[qMin].pop();
        }

        sol += val;
        q[1].emplace(val, ++node);
        tree[node] = make_pair(edges[0], edges[1]);
    }

    fout << sol << '\n';
    dfs(node, 0, 0, tree);

    fout.close();
    return 0;
}