#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <climits>
namespace IA {
// Inforarena helper. Source http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/unique_ptr/make_unique
template<typename T, typename... Args>
std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args&&... args) {
return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
}
}
class SegmentTree {
public:
SegmentTree(const std::vector<int>& _v) : n(_v.size()), A(4 * _v.size(), INT_MAX ), v(_v) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
update(i + 1);
}
}
void update(int i) {
update_helper(1, 1, n, i);
}
int getMinIdx(int a, int b) {
return min_helper(1, 1, n, a + 1, b + 1);
}
private:
int n;
std::vector<int> A;
const std::vector<int>& v;
void update_helper(int k, int l, int r, int pos) {
if (l == r) {
A[k] = l - 1;
return;
}
int m = (l + r) / 2;
if (pos <= m)
update_helper(2 * k, l, m, pos);
else
update_helper(2 * k + 1, m + 1, r, pos);
if (A[2 * k] == INT_MAX) {
A[k] = A[2 * k + 1];
return;
}
if (A[2 * k + 1] == INT_MAX) {
A[k] = A[2 * k];
return;
}
if (v[A[2 * k]] < v[A[2 * k + 1]])
A[k] = A[2 * k];
else
A[k] = A[2 * k + 1];
}
int min_helper(int k, int l, int r, int a, int b) {
if (r < a || b < l || r < l)
return INT_MAX;
if (a <= l && r <= b)
return A[k];
int m = (l + r) / 2;
int min_l = min_helper(k * 2, l, m, a, b);
int min_r = min_helper(k * 2 + 1, m + 1, r, a, b);
if (min_l == INT_MAX)
return min_r;
if (min_r == INT_MAX)
return min_l;
if (v[min_l] < v[min_r])
return min_l;
else
return min_r;
}
};
class Graph {
public:
Graph(int n) : links(n), e_node(2 * n - 1), e_depth(2 * n - 1), e_idx(n), st(nullptr) { }
void add_link(int u, int v) {
links[u].push_back(v);
}
void lca_precompute() {
int k = 0;
lca_helper(k, 0, 0);
st = IA::make_unique<SegmentTree>(e_depth);
}
int lca(int u, int v) {
int a = std::min(e_idx[u], e_idx[v]);
int b = std::max(e_idx[u], e_idx[v]);
int min = st->getMinIdx(a, b);
return e_node[min];
}
private:
std::vector<std::list<int>> links;
std::vector<int> e_node;
std::vector<int> e_depth;
std::vector<int> e_idx; // index of node in array
std::unique_ptr<SegmentTree> st;
void lca_helper(int& k, int d, int v) {
e_node[k] = v;
e_depth[k] = d;
e_idx[v] = k;
k++;
for (int u : links[v]) {
lca_helper(k, d + 1, u);
e_node[k] = v;
e_depth[k] = d;
k++;
}
}
};
int main() {
std::ifstream in("lca.in");
std::ofstream out("lca.out");
int n, m;
in >> n >> m;
Graph g(n);
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
int x;
in >> x;
g.add_link(x - 1, i - 1);
}
g.lca_precompute();
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
int u, v;
in >> u >> v;
int r = g.lca(u - 1, v - 1);
out << r + 1 << "\n";
}
return 0;
}