#include <stdio.h>

int main () {
    FILE *fin , *fout;
    int t , p , b , i;

    fin = fopen ( "fructe.in" , "r" );
    fscanf ( fin , "%d" , &t );
    fout = fopen ( "fructe.out" , "w" );

    for ( i = 0 ; i < t ; i++ ) {
        fscanf ( fin , "%d%d" , &p , &b );
        fprintf ( fout , "%d\n" , b % 2 );
    }
    fclose ( fin );
    fclose ( fout );
    return 0;
}