#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

ifstream cin ("fructe.in");
ofstream cout ("fructe.out");

int main ()
{
    int teste;
    cin >> teste;

    for (int test = 1 , cantitate[2] ; test <= teste ; test++)
        { cin >> cantitate[0] >> cantitate[1]; cout << ((cantitate[1] & 1) ? '1' : '0') << '\n'; }

    cout.close(); cin.close();
    return 0;
}