#include <stdio.h>

int b,p,i,t;

int main(){

  FILE *f = fopen("fructe.in", "r");
  FILE *g = fopen("fructe.out", "w");

  fscanf(f,"%d",&t);

  for (i=1; i<=t; i++) {
    fscanf(f,"%d %d",&p,&b);
    if (b%2)
      fprintf(g,"1\n");
    else
      fprintf(g,"0\n");
  }

  fclose(f);
  fclose(g);

  return 0;
}