#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define MaxN 100005
#define MOD 666013
#define INF 2140000000
using namespace std;

FILE*IN,*OUT;

int T,N,R;
long long upper(long long val)
{
    long long lw=1,hi=INF,mid,last=1;
    while(lw<=hi)
    {
        mid=(lw+hi)>>1;
        if(mid*(mid-1)+1<=val)
            last=mid,lw=mid+1;
        else hi=mid-1;
    }
    if(last*last>=val)
        return val;
    else return last*(last+1)+1;
}
long long lower(long long val)
{
    long long lw=1,hi=INF,mid,last=1;
    while(lw<=hi)
    {
        mid=(lw+hi)>>1;
        if(mid*mid>=val)
            last=mid,hi=mid-1;
        else lw=mid+1;
    }
    if(val>=last*(last-1)+1)
        return val;
    else return (last-1)*(last-1);
}
int main()
{
    IN=fopen("progresie.in","r");
    OUT=fopen("progresie.out","w");

    fscanf(IN,"%d",&T);

    for(int t=1;t<=T;t++)
    {
        fscanf(IN,"%d%d",&N,&R);
        for(int i=1;;i++)
        {
            long long start=i*(i-1)+1,end=i*i;
            bool p=1;
            for(int j=1;j<N;j++)
            {
                long long nstart=start+R,nend=end+R;
                start=upper(nstart);
                end=lower(nend);
                if(end<start)
                {
                    p=0;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(p)
            {
                fprintf(OUT,"%d\n",start-1LL*R*(N-1));
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}