#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    FILE *in = fopen("fructe.in", "r");
    FILE *out = fopen("fructe.out", "w");
    int t, i;
    long p, b;

    fscanf(in, "%d", &t);
    for(i = 1; i <= t; i++) {
        fscanf(in, "%ld %ld", &p, &b);
        if(b % 2 != 0) {
            fprintf(out, "1 \n");
        } else {
            fprintf(out, "0 \n");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}