#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int t, a, b;
    FILE *fi=fopen("fructe.in", "r"), *fo=fopen("fructe.out", "w");
    fscanf(fi, "%d", &t);
    for(int i=0;i<t;i++){
        fscanf(fi, "%d%d", &a, &b);
        if(b%2==0)
            fprintf(fo, "0\n");
        else
            fprintf(fo, "1\n");
    }
    fclose(fo);
    fclose(fi);
    return 0;
}