#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int t,p,b,i;
int main()
{
    ifstream f("fructe.in");
    ofstream g("fructe.out");
    f>>t;
    for(i=1;i<=t;i++)
    {
     f>>p>>b;
     if(b%2==0) g<<0;
        else    g<<1;
     g<<"\n";

    }

    return 0;
}