#include <iostream>
#include<stdio.h>

using namespace std;
FILE *f,*g;
int main()
{
    int n,i,l,c,t,s1;
    f=fopen("progresie.in","r");
    g=fopen("progresie.out","w");
    fscanf(f,"%d",&t);
    for(i=1;i<=t;i++)
    {
        fscanf(f,"%d %d",&c,&l);
        c--;
        n=c*l;
        s1=n*(n+1)+1;
        fprintf(g,"%d\n",s1);
    }
    fclose(f);
    fclose(g);
    return 0;
}