#include <stdio.h>

FILE *f, *g;

int main()
{
	long i, n, a, b;

	f = fopen( "fructe.in", "rt" );
	g = fopen( "fructe.out", "wt" );

	fscanf( f, "%ld", &n );
	
	for (i=0; i<n; i++)
	{
		fscanf ( f, "%ld %ld", &a, &b );
		if ( b % 2 != 0 )
			fprintf( g, "1\n" );
		else
			fprintf( g, "0\n" );
	}
	return 0;
}