#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
	int i,t,a,b;

	freopen("fructe.in","r",stdin);
	freopen("fructe.out","w",stdout);

	scanf("%d",&t);

	for (i=1; i<=t; i++)
	{
		scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
		if (b%2==1) printf("1\n");
		else printf("0\n");
	}

	return 0;
}