#include<stdio.h>

main()
{freopen("fructe.in","r",stdin);
 freopen("fructe.out","w",stdout);

 int t,i; long long p,b;

 scanf("%d",&t);

 for(i=1;i<=t;i++)
 {scanf("%lld %lld",&p,&b);
  if(b%2!=0) printf("1\n");
  else printf("0\n");}             }