Program fructe;
Var f,ff:text;
    t,i,p,b,m:longint;
Begin
 assign(f,'fructe.in');
 reset(f);
 assign(ff,'fructe.out');
 rewrite(ff);
 readln(f,t);
 for i:=1 to t do
    begin
     readln(f,p,b);
     Writeln(ff,b mod 2);
    end;
 close(ff);
 close(f);
End.