#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
unsigned long long T,N,R,X;
int main()
{
    freopen("progresie.in","r",stdin);
    freopen("progresie.out","w",stdout);
    cin>>T;
    for(;T;T--)
    {
        cin>>N>>R; N--;
        X=N*N*R*R+N*R+1;
        cout<<X<<'\n';
    }
    return 0;
}