#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
unsigned long long T,N,R,X;
int main()
{
    freopen("progresie.in","r",stdin);
    freopen("progresie.out","w",stdout);
    for(scanf("%llu",&T);T;T--)
    {
        scanf("%llu%llu",&N,&R); N--;
        X=N*N*R*R+N*R+1;
        cout<<X<<'\n';
    }
    return 0;
}