#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int T,N,R;
int main()
{
    freopen("progresie.in","r",stdin);
    freopen("progresie.out","w",stdout);
    for(scanf("%d",&T);T;T--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&N,&R); N--;
        printf("%lld\n",1LL*N*N*R*R+N*R+1);
    }
    return 0;
}