#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>

using namespace std;
int main(){
	int t,n,m,lungime;
	unsigned int nr;
	ifstream f("progresie.in");
	ofstream g("progresie.out");
	f>>t;
	while(t--)
	{   
		f>>n>>m;
		lungime=(n-1)*m+1;
		nr=lungime*(lungime-1)+1;
		g<<nr<<endl;
	}
	
	return 0;
}