#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int t=0,n=0,r=0;

    ifstream fin("progresie.in");
    FILE *fp_out = NULL;
    fp_out = fopen("progresie.out","w");
    fin>>t;

    while(t)
    {
        fin>>n>>r;

        int t1=(n-1)*r;
        int t2=(n-1)*r+1;

        long rezultat = t1*t2+1;
        fprintf(fp_out,"%ld\n",rezultat);
        t--;
    }
    return 0;
}