#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>

int N, R, T, delay;

bool verifica(long long v) {
    for (int i=0; i<N; ++i) {
        long long T = v + R * i;
        long long R = sqrt(T);
        if (R*R+1 <= T && T <= R*(R+1)) {
                        delay = R*(R+1)+1 - T;
         return false;

        }
    }
    return true;
}

int main() {
    freopen("progresie.in", "r", stdin);
    freopen("progresie.out", "w", stdout);
    
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while (T--) {
        scanf("%d %d", &N, &R);
        long long i = 1;
        long long p = 1;
        while (true) {
            if (verifica(i)) {
                printf("%lld\n", i);
                break;
            } else i+=delay;
//            ++i;
            p = sqrt(i);
            if (i >= p*p+1 && i<=p*(p+1)) {
                i = p*(p+1) + 1;
            }
        }
    }
    
    return 0;
}